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原标题：三个月大时养狗与防止食物过敏有关
　　背景：预防食物过敏是减轻过敏性疾病负担的关键优先事项。环境暴露会调节食物过敏的风险，其中一些可能是由婴儿的微生物群所介导的。然而，潜在保护性环境暴露的作用，如养宠物，在食物过敏方面基本上没有研究。 
　　方法：我们在“询问耐受性”（EAT）研究中进行了第二次队列分析，该研究将1303名三个月大的婴儿纳入一项预防食物过敏的随机试验。一项关于宠物饲养的调查，参与者在入组时接受了过敏性皮炎（AD）的检查。在3、12、36个月时，通过皮肤和血清检测引起过敏的食物和空气过敏原。食物过敏状态是由1~3年双盲安慰剂食物激发试验来确定的。 
　　结果：6.1%（68/1124）的参与者诊断出食物过敏。食物过敏与早期剖腹产、感染或抗生素使用之间没有明显关系。使用家族性过敏性疾病、狗/猫致敏和AD的数据校正后，与狗一起生活的婴儿发生食物过敏的几率降低90%（调整校正后的比值比（aOR）0.10（置信区间（CI）0.01‐0.71），P=0.02）。至少有两只狗的49名婴儿中，没有一个婴儿出现食物过敏，这表明它们之间存在剂量-反应关系（每只狗的aOR为0.12（CI为0.02‐0.81），P=0.03）。养狗或养猫与AD的发生没有关系。 
　　结论：在婴儿期养狗可以防止食物过敏。


延伸阅读
Allergy
Dog ownership at three months of age is associated with protection against food allergy
DOI: 10.1111/all.13868 
Abstract:
Background: The prevention of food allergy is a key priority for reducing the burden of allergic disease. Environmental exposures modulate the risk of developing food allergy and some of this may be mediated by the infants’ developing microbiome. However, the role of potentially protective environmental exposures, such as pet ownership, is largely uninvestigated with respect to food allergy. 
Methods: We performed a secondary cohort analysis in the Enquiring About Tolerance (EAT) study, which enrolled 1303 three‐month infants onto a randomized trial to prevent food allergy. A survey elicited domestic animal ownership and participants were examined for atopic dermatitis (AD) at enrolment. Sensitization to foods and aeroallergens were elicited by skin and serum testing at 3, 12 and 36 months. Food allergy status was determined by double‐blind placebo‐controlled food challenges between 1 and 3 years. 
Results: Food allergy was diagnosed amongst 6.1% (68/1124) of participants with complete data. No significant relationships were demonstrated between food allergy and caesarean delivery, infections or antibiotic exposure in early life. After adjusting for familial atopic disease, maternal dog/cat sensitization and participant AD, living with dogs was associated with a 90% reduction in the odds of infants developing food allergy (adjusted odds ratio (aOR) 0.10 (confidence interval (CI) 0.01‐0.71), P = 0.02). None of the 49 infants living with at least two dogs developed food allergy, suggesting a dose‐response relationship (each dog owned aOR 0.12 (CI 0.02‐0.81) P = 0.03). No relationship was demonstrated between owning dogs or cats and the development of AD. 
Conclusion: Dog ownership in infancy may prevent food allergy. 
First Author:
Tom Marrs 
Correspondence:
Tom Marrs, Paediatric Allergy Department, Women and Children’s Health, King’s College London, London, UK 
All Authors:
Tom Marrs，Kirsty Logan，Joanna Craven，Suzana Radulovic，W.H.A. Irwin McLean，Gideon Lack，Carsten Flohr，Michael R. Perkin
　　创建过敏性疾病的科研、科普知识交流平台，为过敏患者提供专业诊断、治疗、预防的共享平台。